Commit cf689c82 by Parameswaran Ajith

added SEc III C

parent 86bad589
Showing with 16 additions and 16 deletions
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...@@ -59,22 +59,22 @@ For the problems in this section, you may use Scipy's high-level interface to va ...@@ -59,22 +59,22 @@ For the problems in this section, you may use Scipy's high-level interface to va
\item Compute the lapse function $e^{2\Phi(r)}$ by solving Eq.(\ref{eq:tov3}) starting from $r = r_\star$ to $r = 0$. On top of that, plot the lapse function for a Schwarzschild black hole (see Eq.\ref{eq:lapse_schwarz}) from $r = r_s$ to $r = 2 r_\star$, where $r_s \equiv 2 G m_\star/c^2$ is the Schwarzschild radius of the star. This exterior solution should match the interior solution at $r = r_\star$. \item Compute the lapse function $e^{2\Phi(r)}$ by solving Eq.(\ref{eq:tov3}) starting from $r = r_\star$ to $r = 0$. On top of that, plot the lapse function for a Schwarzschild black hole (see Eq.\ref{eq:lapse_schwarz}) from $r = r_s$ to $r = 2 r_\star$, where $r_s \equiv 2 G m_\star/c^2$ is the Schwarzschild radius of the star. This exterior solution should match the interior solution at $r = r_\star$.
\end{enumerate} \end{enumerate}
% \subsection{Non-linear ordinary differential equations showing chaotic behavior: Lorenz equations} \subsection{Non-linear ordinary differential equations showing chaotic behavior: Lorenz equations}
% The Lorenz equations were originally developed as a simplified mathematical model for atmospheric convection by Edward Lorenz. This was the first set of equations where deterministic chaos was observed. These coupled ordinary differential equations are The Lorenz equations were originally developed as a simplified mathematical model for atmospheric convection by Edward Lorenz. This was the first set of equations where deterministic chaos was observed. These coupled ordinary differential equations are
% \begin{eqnarray} \begin{eqnarray}
% \frac{dx(t)}{dt} & = & \sigma [y(t)-x(t)], \nonumber \\ \frac{dx(t)}{dt} & = & \sigma [y(t)-x(t)], \nonumber \\
% \frac{dy(t)}{dt} & = & x(t) [\rho - z(t)] - y(t), \nonumber \\ \frac{dy(t)}{dt} & = & x(t) [\rho - z(t)] - y(t), \nonumber \\
% \frac{dz(t)}{dt} & = & x(t)y(t) - \beta z(t), \frac{dz(t)}{dt} & = & x(t)y(t) - \beta z(t),
% \end{eqnarray} \end{eqnarray}
% where $\rho, \sigma$ and $\beta$ are parameters of the system. where $\rho, \sigma$ and $\beta$ are parameters of the system.
% \subsubsection{Problems:} \subsubsection{Problems:}
% \begin{enumerate} \begin{enumerate}
% \item Solve the Lorenz system for $\rho = 28, \sigma = 10$ and $\beta = 8/3$ with the following initial conditions $x(t = 0) = y(t = 0) = z(t=0) = 1$. Plot $x(t)$, $y(t)$ and $z(t)$ for $t = 0 ... 100$. Is the solution deterministic or stochastic? \item Solve the Lorenz system for $\rho = 28, \sigma = 10$ and $\beta = 8/3$ with the following initial conditions $x(t = 0) = y(t = 0) = z(t=0) = 1$. Plot $x(t)$, $y(t)$ and $z(t)$ for $t = 0 ... 100$. Is the solution deterministic or stochastic?
% \item Repeat the calculation with same parameters except for a tiny change in the initial condition for $x$: i.e., $x(t = 0) = 1 + 10^{-9}$. Plot $x(t = 0) = y(t = 0) = z(t=0) = 1$ on top of the earlier estimate. Explain the result. \item Repeat the calculation with same parameters except for a tiny change in the initial condition for $x$: i.e., $x(t = 0) = 1 + 10^{-9}$. Plot $x(t = 0) = y(t = 0) = z(t=0) = 1$ on top of the earlier estimate. Explain the result.
% \item Make a 3D plot of $x, y, z$. You should see the famous butterfly shaped structure now! \item Make a 3D plot of $x, y, z$. You should see the famous butterfly shaped structure now!
% \item Optional exercise: Make an animation of the above~\footnote{You can either use the matplotlib \href{http://matplotlib.org/api/animation_api.html}{animation} package or convert a number of PNG files to a gif animation using \href{http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/anim_basics/}{ImageMagick}.}. \item Optional exercise: Make an animation of the above~\footnote{You can either use the matplotlib \href{http://matplotlib.org/api/animation_api.html}{animation} package or convert a number of PNG files to a gif animation using \href{http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/anim_basics/}{ImageMagick}.}.
% \end{enumerate} \end{enumerate}
%
% \subsection{Stochastic ordinary differential equations: Langevin equation} % \subsection{Stochastic ordinary differential equations: Langevin equation}
% %
% The random motion of a particle in a fluid due to collisions with the molecules of the fluid, called the Brownian motion, is described by the Langevin equation: % The random motion of a particle in a fluid due to collisions with the molecules of the fluid, called the Brownian motion, is described by the Langevin equation:
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