added first set of files; copied text from flatiron research summary

jhep.bst

+% JHEP bibliography style ver. 2.11
+%
+% The bibtex output produced by inSPIRE, while far from perfect, is pretty
+% suitable for use with this style. Indeed, this style was designed with
+% inSPIRE in mind.
+%
+%
+%
+% Copyright 2015 SISSA Medialab
+%
+% This work may be distributed and/or modified under the
+% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
+% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
+% The latest version of this license is in
+%   http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+% version 2005/12/01 or later.
+%
+% This work has the LPPL maintenance status `author-maintained'.
+%
+% The Current Maintainer of this work is
+% SISSA Medialab <info@medialab.sissa.it>
+%
+% This work consists of the file JHEP.bst.
+
+
+ENTRY
+  { address
+    author
+    booktitle
+    chapter
+    edition
+    editor
+    howpublished
+    institution
+    journal
+    key
+    month
+    note
+    number
+    organization
+    pages
+    publisher
+    school
+    series
+    title
+    doi
+    SLACcitation
+    type
+    volume
+    year
+    archive
+    eprint
+    report
+    collaboration
+    url
+  }
+  {}
+  { label }
+
+INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.quote after.sentence
+		after.quoted.block after.block }
+
+FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
+{ #0 'before.all :=
+  #1 'mid.sentence :=
+  #2 'after.quote :=
+  #3 'after.sentence :=
+  #4 'after.quoted.block :=
+  #5 'after.block :=
+}
+
+STRINGS { s t ref }
+
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
+{ 's :=
+  output.state mid.sentence =
+    { ", " * write$ }
+    { output.state after.quote =
+	{ " " * write$ }
+	{ output.state after.block =
+	    { add.period$ write$
+	      newline$
+	      "\newblock " write$
+	    }
+	    { output.state before.all =
+		'write$
+		{ output.state after.quoted.block =
+		    { write$
+		      newline$
+		      "\newblock " write$
+		    }
+		    { add.period$ " " * write$ }
+		  if$
+		}
+	      if$
+	    }
+	  if$
+	}
+      if$
+      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+    }
+  if$
+  s
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    'output.nonnull
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.check}
+{ 't :=
+  duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+    'output.nonnull
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
+{ newline$
+  "\bibitem{" write$
+  cite$ write$
+  "}" write$
+  newline$
+  ""
+  before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {blank.sep}
+{ after.quote 'output.state :=
+}
+
+
+
+FUNCTION {fin.entry}
+{ output.state after.quoted.block =
+    'skip$
+    'add.period$
+  if$
+  write$
+  newline$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block}
+{ output.state before.all =
+    'skip$
+    { output.state after.quote =
+	{ after.quoted.block 'output.state := }
+	{ after.block 'output.state := }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence}
+{ output.state after.block =
+    'skip$
+    { output.state before.all =
+	'skip$
+	{ after.sentence 'output.state := }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {not}
+{   { #0 }
+    { #1 }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {and}
+{   'skip$
+    { pop$ #0 }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {or}
+{   { pop$ #1 }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
+{ empty$
+    'skip$
+    'new.block
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
+{ empty$
+  swap$ empty$
+  and
+    'skip$
+    'new.block
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
+{ empty$
+    'skip$
+    'new.sentence
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {field.or.null}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {emphasize}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    { "\emph{" swap$ * "}" * }
+  if$
+}
+
+%% this functions should append the correct url prefix to doi
+FUNCTION {format.doi}
+{ doi empty$
+  { ""  }
+  {"\href{https://doi.org/" doi * "}" * }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {formatfull.doi}
+{ doi empty$
+  { ""  }
+  {"\href{https://doi.org/" doi *
+   "}{DOI}" * }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.url}
+{
+  url empty$
+  {""}
+  {"\href{" url * "}{" * url * "}" *}
+  if$
+}
+
+
+INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
+
+FUNCTION {format.names}
+{ 's :=
+  #1 'nameptr :=
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+    { namesleft #0 > }
+    % the following removes space betwee author's initials
+    % but also removes "-" (as in composite names)
+    % so we do not use it
+    % { s nameptr "{f{.}. }{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ 't :=
+    { s nameptr "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ 't :=
+      nameptr #1 >
+	{ namesleft #1 >
+	    { ", " * t * }
+	    { numnames #2 >
+	      { "" * }
+	      'skip$
+	      if$
+	      t "others" =
+		{ " et~al." * }
+		{ " and " * t * }
+	      if$
+	    }
+	  if$
+	}
+	nameptr #6 >
+	  { #0 'namesleft :=
+	    "others" 't :=
+	    't
+	  }
+	  {'t}
+	if$
+      if$
+      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+
+FUNCTION {format.authors}
+{ author empty$
+    { "" }
+    { author format.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.eprint}
+{ eprint empty$
+     { ""}
+     { archive empty$
+          {"\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/" eprint * "}" *
+             "{{\ttfamily " * eprint * "}}" *}
+          {"\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/" archive *  "/" * eprint * "}" *
+             "{{\ttfamily " * archive * "/" * eprint * "}}" *}
+       if$
+     }
+     if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.eprint.paren}
+{ eprint missing$ { "" } { eprint empty$ { "" }
+					 {"[" format.eprint * "]" *}
+    			   if$
+			  }
+  if$
+}
+
+
+
+FUNCTION {format.report}
+{ report empty$
+     { ""}
+     { report}
+     if$
+}
+
+
+
+FUNCTION {format.editors}
+{ editor empty$
+    { "" }
+    { editor format.names
+      editor num.names$ #1 >
+	{ ", eds." * }
+	{ ", ed." * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+%% TODO: change.case$ is probably not a good idea...
+%%       see typeset/scripts/tests/JHEP.bst/src/bibitem-3127.bib
+FUNCTION {format.title}
+{ title empty$
+    { "" }
+    { "\emph{" title "t" change.case$ * "}, " * }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.title.p}
+{ title empty$
+    { "" }
+    { "``" title "t" change.case$ * ".''" * }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {n.dashify}
+{ 't :=
+  ""
+    { t empty$ not }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
+	{ t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
+	    { "--" *
+	      t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+	    }
+	    {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
+		{ "-" *
+		  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+		}
+	      while$
+	    }
+	  if$
+	}
+	{ t #1 #1 substring$ *
+	  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+	}
+      if$
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.date}
+{ year empty$
+    { month empty$
+	{ "" }
+	{ "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$
+	  month
+	}
+      if$
+    }
+    { month empty$
+	'year
+	{ month ", " * year * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.date.paren}
+{ year empty$
+    { month empty$
+	{ "" }
+	{ "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$
+	  month
+	}
+      if$
+    }
+    { month empty$
+	{"(" year * ")" *}
+	{"(" month * ", " * year * ")" *}
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.date.paren.nomonth}
+{ year empty$
+  { "" }
+  {"(" year * ")" *}
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.collaboration}
+{ collaboration empty$
+    { "" }
+    { "{\scshape " collaboration * "} " * "collaboration" * }
+  if$
+}
+
+
+FUNCTION {format.btitle}
+{ title emphasize
+}
+
+FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
+{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
+    { "~" }
+    { " " }
+  if$
+  swap$ * *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {either.or.check}
+{ empty$
+    'pop$
+    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
+{ volume empty$
+    { "" }
+    { "vol.~" volume *
+      series empty$
+	'skip$
+	{ " of " * series emphasize * }
+      if$
+      "volume and number" number either.or.check
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.number.series}
+{ volume empty$
+    { number empty$
+	{ series field.or.null }
+	{ output.state mid.sentence =
+	    { "no.~" }
+	    { "No.~" }
+	  if$
+	  number *
+	  series empty$
+	    { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
+	    { " in " * series * }
+	  if$
+	}
+      if$
+    }
+    { "" }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.edition}
+{ edition empty$
+    { "" }
+    { edition "l" change.case$ "~ed." * }
+  if$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { multiresult }
+
+FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
+{ 't :=
+  #0 'multiresult :=
+    { multiresult not
+      t empty$ not
+      and
+    }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$
+      duplicate$ "-" =
+      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
+      swap$ "+" =
+      or or
+	{ #1 'multiresult := }
+	{ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
+      if$
+    }
+  while$
+  multiresult
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.pages}
+{ pages empty$
+    { "" }
+    { pages multi.page.check
+	{ "pp.~" pages n.dashify * }
+	{ "p.~" pages * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {first.page}
+{ 't :=
+  ""
+    {  t empty$ not t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = not and }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$ *
+      t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.pages.nopp}
+{ pages empty$
+    { "" }
+    { pages multi.page.check
+	{ pages first.page  }
+	{ pages }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.volume}
+{ volume empty$
+    { "" }
+    { "{\bfseries " volume * "}" * }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.number}
+{ number empty$
+    { "" }
+    { "no.~" number * }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
+{ chapter empty$
+    'format.pages
+    { type empty$
+	{ "ch.~" chapter * }
+	{ type "l" change.case$ chapter tie.or.space.connect }
+      if$
+      pages empty$
+	'skip$
+	{ ", " * format.pages * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
+{ booktitle empty$
+    { "" }
+    { "in " booktitle emphasize *
+      editor empty$
+	'skip$
+	{ ", " * format.editors * "" * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
+{ type empty$
+    'skip$
+    { pop$
+      output.state after.block =
+	{ type "t" change.case$ }
+	{ type "l" change.case$ }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
+{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
+  month empty$ year empty$ note empty$
+  and and and and and
+    { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
+{ type empty$
+    { "Tech. Rep." }
+    'type
+  if$
+  number empty$
+    { "l" change.case$ }
+    { number tie.or.space.connect }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.paddress}
+{ address empty$
+    { "" }
+    { "(" address * ")" * }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
+{ key empty$
+    { journal empty$
+	{ "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref *
+	  warning$
+	  ""
+	}
+	{ "in \emph{" journal * "\/}" * }
+      if$
+    }
+    { "in " key * }
+  if$
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
+{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+  editor num.names$ duplicate$
+  #2 >
+    { pop$ " {et~al.}" * }
+    { #2 <
+	'skip$
+	{ editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
+	    { " {et~al.}" * }
+	    { " and " * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
+	  if$
+	}
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
+{ volume empty$
+    { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
+      "In "
+    }
+    { "Vol.~" volume *
+      " of " *
+    }
+  if$
+  editor empty$
+  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+  or
+    { key empty$
+	{ series empty$
+	    { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
+	      crossref * warning$
+	      "" *
+	    }
+	    { "{\em " * series * "\/}" * }
+	  if$
+	}
+	{ key * }
+      if$
+    }
+    { format.crossref.editor * }
+  if$
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
+{ editor empty$
+  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+  or
+    { key empty$
+	{ booktitle empty$
+	    { "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
+	      crossref * warning$
+	      ""
+	    }
+	    { "in {\em " booktitle * "\/}" * }
+	  if$
+	}
+	{ "in " key * }
+      if$
+    }
+    { "in " format.crossref.editor * }
+  if$
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+%% Output either the collaboration name and no authors
+%% or the authors (if there is no collaboration)
+FUNCTION {format.author.or.collaboration}
+{
+  collaboration empty$
+    { format.authors "author" output.check }
+    { format.collaboration output }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {article}
+{
+  output.bibitem
+  format.author.or.collaboration
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  blank.sep
+
+  crossref missing$
+    {
+      journal missing$
+        { format.eprint output }
+        { journal empty$
+            { format.eprint output }
+            { format.doi * "{" * journal emphasize before.all 'output.state := "journal" output.check
+              blank.sep
+              format.volume output
+              blank.sep
+              format.date.paren.nomonth "year" output.check
+              blank.sep
+              format.pages.nopp "}" * output
+              blank.sep
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+
+      report missing$
+        { journal empty$
+            {}
+            { format.eprint.paren output}
+          if$
+        }
+        { blank.sep format.report output format.eprint.paren output}
+      if$
+    }
+
+    {
+      format.article.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.pages.nopp output
+      format.eprint.paren output
+    }
+  if$
+
+  new.sentence
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {book}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.collaboration output
+  author empty$
+    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull
+      crossref missing$
+	    { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+	    'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.bvolume output
+      format.number.series output
+      new.sentence
+      publisher "publisher" output.check
+      address output
+    }
+    { format.book.crossref output.nonnull }
+  if$
+  format.edition output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  doi empty$
+    {}
+    { format.doi "{" * doi * "}" * "DOI" output.check }
+  if$
+  format.eprint.paren output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {booklet}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.author.or.collaboration
+  title empty$
+    { "empty title in " cite$ * warning$
+      howpublished new.sentence.checka
+    }
+    { howpublished empty$ not
+      address empty$ month empty$ year empty$ and and
+      or
+	{ format.title.p output.nonnull }
+	{ format.title output.nonnull }
+      if$
+      blank.sep
+    }
+  if$
+  howpublished output
+  address output
+  format.date output
+  new.block
+  % note output
+  doi output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {incollection}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.author.or.collaboration
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  blank.sep
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+      format.bvolume output
+      format.number.series output
+      format.paddress output
+      format.pages output
+      organization output
+      publisher output
+      format.date.paren "year" output.check
+    }
+    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.eprint output
+  doi empty$
+    { format.url output }
+    { formatfull.doi output }
+  if$
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inbook} { incollection }
+
+FUNCTION {inproceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.author.or.collaboration
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  blank.sep
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+      format.bvolume output
+      format.number.series output
+      format.paddress output
+      format.pages output
+      organization output
+      publisher output
+      format.date "year" output.check
+    }
+    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+
+  doi empty$
+    { format.url output }
+    { formatfull.doi output }
+  if$
+
+  doi empty$ url empty$ and
+    { format.eprint output }
+    { blank.sep format.eprint.paren output }
+  if$
+
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
+
+FUNCTION {manual}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.collaboration output
+  author empty$
+    { organization empty$
+	'skip$
+	{ organization output.nonnull
+	  address output
+	}
+      if$
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull }
+  if$
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  author empty$
+    { organization empty$
+	{ address new.block.checka
+	  address output
+	}
+	'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+    { organization address new.block.checkb
+      organization output
+      address output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.edition output
+  format.date output
+  new.block
+  % note output
+  doi output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {electronic} { manual }
+
+FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  blank.sep
+  "Master's thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+  school "school" output.check
+  address output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  new.block
+  % note output
+  doi output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {misc}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.collaboration output
+  format.authors output
+  title empty$
+    { howpublished new.sentence.checka }
+    { howpublished empty$ not
+      month empty$ year empty$ and
+      or
+	{ format.title.p output.nonnull }
+	{ format.title output.nonnull }
+      if$
+      blank.sep
+    }
+  if$
+  howpublished output
+  format.date output
+  new.block
+  % note output
+  doi output
+  fin.entry
+  empty.misc.check
+}
+
+FUNCTION {phdthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  "Ph.D. thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+  school "school" output.check
+  address output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  new.block
+  format.eprint output
+  new.block
+  % note output
+  doi output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {proceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+  editor empty$
+    { organization output }
+    { format.editors output.nonnull }
+  if$
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  format.bvolume output
+  format.number.series output
+  format.paddress output
+  editor empty$
+    'skip$
+    { organization output }
+  if$
+  publisher output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  new.block
+  % note output
+  doi output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {techreport}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.author.or.collaboration
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  blank.sep
+  format.tr.number output.nonnull
+  institution "institution" output.check
+  address output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  new.block
+  % note output
+  doi output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {unpublished}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.author.or.collaboration
+  format.title.p "title" output.check
+  blank.sep
+  % note "note" output.check
+  format.date output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
+
+MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}
+
+MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}
+
+MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}
+
+MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}
+
+MACRO {may} {"May"}
+
+MACRO {jun} {"June"}
+
+MACRO {jul} {"July"}
+
+MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}
+
+MACRO {sep} {"Sept."}
+
+MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}
+
+MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}
+
+MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}
+
+MACRO {nup} {"Nucl. Phys."}
+
+MACRO {cmp} {"Comm. Math. Phys."}
+
+MACRO {prl} {"Phys. Rev. Lett."}
+
+MACRO {pl} {"Phys. Lett."}
+
+MACRO {rmp} {"Rev. Mod. Phys."}
+
+MACRO {ijmp} {"Int. Jour. Mod. Phys."}
+
+MACRO {mpl} {"Mod. Phys. Lett."}
+
+MACRO {pr} {"Phys. Rev."}
+
+READ
+
+STRINGS { longest.label }
+
+INTEGERS { number.label longest.label.width }
+
+FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
+{ "" 'longest.label :=
+  #1 'number.label :=
+  #0 'longest.label.width :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {longest.label.pass}
+{ number.label int.to.str$ 'label :=
+  number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
+  label width$ longest.label.width >
+    { label 'longest.label :=
+      label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
+    }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+
+EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}
+
+ITERATE {longest.label.pass}
+
+FUNCTION {begin.bib}
+{ preamble$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
+  if$
+  newline$
+  "\providecommand{\href}[2]{#2}"
+  "\begingroup\raggedright\begin{thebibliography}{" * longest.label  *
+  "}" * write$ newline$ }
+
+EXECUTE {begin.bib}
+
+EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
+
+ITERATE {call.type$}
+
+FUNCTION {end.bib}
+{ newline$
+  "\end{thebibliography}\endgroup" write$ newline$
+}
+
+EXECUTE {end.bib}
\ No newline at end of file

proposal.tex

+\documentclass{article}
+
+\usepackage{fancyhdr}
+\usepackage{extramarks}
+\usepackage{amsmath}
+\usepackage{amsthm}
+\usepackage{amsfonts}
+\usepackage{tikz}
+\usepackage{physics}
+\usepackage{amssymb}
+\usepackage[plain]{algorithm}
+\usepackage{algpseudocode}
+\fancyhf{}
+\usetikzlibrary{automata,positioning}
+
+% Basic Document Settings
+%
+
+\topmargin=-0.45in
+\evensidemargin=0in
+\oddsidemargin=0in
+\textwidth=6.5in
+\textheight=9.0in
+\headsep=0.25in
+
+\linespread{1.1}
+
+\pagestyle{fancy}
+%\lhead{\hmwkAuthorName}
+\chead{\hmwkClass\ - Aditya Vijaykumar}
+%\rhead{\firstxmark}
+\lfoot{\lastxmark}
+\cfoot{\thepage}
+
+\renewcommand\headrulewidth{0.4pt}
+\renewcommand\footrulewidth{0.4pt}
+
+\setlength\parindent{0pt}
+
+%
+% Create Problem Sections
+%
+\newcommand{\be}{\begin{equation}}
+\newcommand{\ee}{\end{equation}}
+\newcommand{\bes}{\begin{equation*}}
+\newcommand{\ees}{\end{equation*}}
+\newcommand{\bea}{\begin{flalign*}}
+\newcommand{\eea}{\end{flalign*}}
+
+\newcommand{\enterProblemHeader}[1]{
+	\nobreak\extramarks{}{Problem \arabic{#1} continued on next page\ldots}\nobreak{}
+	\nobreak\extramarks{Problem \arabic{#1} (continued)}{Problem \arabic{#1} continued on next page\ldots}\nobreak{}
+}
+
+\newcommand{\exitProblemHeader}[1]{
+	\nobreak\extramarks{Problem \arabic{#1} (continued)}{Problem \arabic{#1} continued on next page\ldots}\nobreak{}
+	\stepcounter{#1}
+	\nobreak\extramarks{Problem \arabic{#1}}{}\nobreak{}
+}
+
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{0}
+\newcounter{partCounter}
+\newcounter{homeworkProblemCounter}
+\setcounter{homeworkProblemCounter}{1}
+\nobreak\extramarks{Problem \arabic{homeworkProblemCounter}}{}\nobreak{}
+
+%
+% Homework Problem Environment
+%
+% This environment takes an optional argument. When given, it will adjust the
+% problem counter. This is useful for when the problems given for your
+% assignment aren't sequential. See the last 3 problems of this template for an
+% example.
+%
+\newenvironment{homeworkProblem}[1][-1]{
+	\ifnum#1>0
+	\setcounter{homeworkProblemCounter}{#1}
+	\fi
+	\section{Problem \arabic{homeworkProblemCounter}}
+	\setcounter{partCounter}{1}
+	\enterProblemHeader{homeworkProblemCounter}
+}{
+	\exitProblemHeader{homeworkProblemCounter}
+}
+
+%
+% Homework Details
+%   - Title
+%   - Due date
+%   - Class
+%   - Section/Time
+%   - Instructor
+%   - Author
+%
+
+\newcommand{\hmwkTitle}{}
+\newcommand{\hmwkDueDate}{{Thesis Proposal}}
+\newcommand{\hmwkClass}{Probing strong gravity and cosmology using gravitational-wave observations}
+\newcommand{\hmwkClassTime}{}
+\newcommand{\hmwkAuthorName}{\textbf{Aditya Vijaykumar, \textit{International Centre for Theoretical Sciences}}}
+
+%
+% Title Page
+%
+
+\title{
+	%\vspace{2in}
+	\textmd{\textbf{\hmwkClass\ \hmwkTitle}}\\
+	\normalsize\vspace{0.1in}\small{\hmwkDueDate\ }
+	%    \vspace{3in}
+}
+\author{\hmwkAuthorName}
+\date{}
+
+\renewcommand{\part}[1]{\textbf{\large Part \Alph{partCounter}}\stepcounter{partCounter}\\}
+
+%
+% Various Helper Commands
+%
+
+% Useful for algorithms
+\newcommand{\alg}[1]{\textsc{\bfseries \footnotesize #1}}
+
+% For derivatives
+\newcommand{\deriv}[1]{\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x} (#1)}
+
+% For partial derivatives
+\newcommand{\pderiv}[2]{\frac{\partial}{\partial #1} (#2)}
+
+% Integral dx
+\newcommand{\dx}{\mathrm{d}x}
+
+% Alias for the Solution section header
+\newcommand{\solution}{\textbf{\large Solution}}
+
+\begin{document}
+	\maketitle
+	
+	\subsection{Introduction}
+	Explain why GWs are great
+	\subsection{Probing Cosmological Large Scale Structure}
+	The next generation of GW detectors will have higher distance reach, and are expected to detect hundreds of thousands of GW events with better localization. If we imagine these detected events to be a ``survey'' akin to a survey of galaxies, we can constrain properties of large-scale structure by measuring the cosmological two-point correlation function. We simulate localization posteriors of future GW events and account for the ``smearing'' of the two-point correlation function due to these localization uncertainties. With this, we show that the bias of the detected BBH population can be measured in a certain redshift range with 3-5 years of observation. These measurements will provide new insights into the type of galaxies that BBHs are hosted in, and could shed light on possible formation channels. Our method does not require the use of galaxy catalogs or electromagnetic counterparts. We are working to extend this to other aspects of large-scale structure.
+	
+	\subsection{Constraining the time-variation of the gravitational constant}
+	Although the value of $ G $ is constant in the realm of general relativity, a generic class of alternative theories of gravity including scalar-tensor theories like the Brans-Dicke theory permit a time varying $ G $. We place constraints on the time variation of $ G $ using the detected LIGO-Virgo BNS events by noting that the GW signal from BNS observations carry an imprint of $ G=G_{\mathrm{s}} $ at the time of merger, and that the maximum and minimum mass of a neutron star scales as $ m_{\mathrm{min,max}} \sim G_{\mathrm{s}}^{-3/2} $. The constraints thus obtained are fourteen orders of magnitude stronger than the existing constraints from GWs \cite{Yunes:2016jcc} and probe a fundamentally different epoch of cosmic time. These constraints are expected to improve by one or two orders of magnitude with next-generation GW detectors by probing deeper into the cosmos and by stacking constraints at the same cosmological epoch.
+	
+	\subsection{Constraining properties of black hole mimickers}
+	The BBHs detected  by LIGO-Virgo are consistent with being BBHs in general relativity; however, there are theoretical proposals of alternatives to black holes, collectively referred to as \textit{black hole mimickers}. These objects can be massive and compact enough so that GWs from their binaries can be confused with those from BBHs; but their GW signal will generically contain an imprint of their tidal deformability $ \Lambda $ ($ \Lambda = 0 $ for black holes). In this ongoing work (an extension of \cite{Johnson-McDaniel:2018uvs}), we consider the inspiral regime of the detected BBH events and measure their tidal deformability (or lack thereof). These measurements can be turned into constraints on the equation of state of a given black hole mimicker, thus allowing us to place constraints on the possibility of the detected events being mimickers themselves.
+
+\bibliography{references}
+\bibliographystyle{jhep}
+\end{document}
\ No newline at end of file

references.bib

+@article{Vijaykumar:2020pzn,
+    author = "Vijaykumar, Aditya and Saketh, M.V.S. and Kumar, Sumit and Ajith, Parameswaran and Choudhury, Tirthankar Roy",
+    title = "{Probing the large scale structure using gravitational-wave observations of binary black holes}",
+    eprint = "2005.01111",
+    archivePrefix = "arXiv",
+    primaryClass = "astro-ph.CO",
+    month = "5",
+    year = "2020"
+}
+
+
+@article{Vijaykumar:2020nzc,
+	author = "Vijaykumar, Aditya and Kapadia, Shasvath J. and Ajith, Parameswaran",
+	title = "{Constraints on the time variation of the gravitational constant using gravitational wave observations of binary neutron stars}",
+	eprint = "2003.12832",
+	archivePrefix = "arXiv",
+	primaryClass = "gr-qc",
+	month = "3",
+	year = "2020"
+}
+
+@article{Johnson-McDaniel:2018uvs,
+	author = "Johnson-McDaniel, Nathan K. and Mukherjee, Arunava and Kashyap, Rahul and Ajith, Parameswaran and Del Pozzo, Walter and Vitale, Salvatore",
+	title = "{Constraining black hole mimickers with gravitational wave observations}",
+	eprint = "1804.08026",
+	archivePrefix = "arXiv",
+	primaryClass = "gr-qc",
+	reportNumber = "LIGO-P1800092",
+	month = "4",
+	year = "2018"
+}
+
+@article{Yunes:2016jcc,
+	author = "Yunes, Nicolas and Yagi, Kent and Pretorius, Frans",
+	title = "{Theoretical Physics Implications of the Binary Black-Hole Mergers GW150914 and GW151226}",
+	eprint = "1603.08955",
+	archivePrefix = "arXiv",
+	primaryClass = "gr-qc",
+	doi = "10.1103/PhysRevD.94.084002",
+	journal = "Phys. Rev. D",
+	volume = "94",
+	number = "8",
+	pages = "084002",
+	year = "2016"
+}
+
+@article{Johnson-McDaniel:2018uvs,
+	author = "Johnson-Mcdaniel, Nathan K. and Mukherjee, Arunava and Kashyap, Rahul and Ajith, Parameswaran and Del Pozzo, Walter and Vitale, Salvatore",
+	title = "{Constraining black hole mimickers with gravitational wave observations}",
+	eprint = "1804.08026",
+	archivePrefix = "arXiv",
+	primaryClass = "gr-qc",
+	reportNumber = "LIGO-P1800092",
+	month = "4",
+	year = "2018"
+}
+
+@article{Burke-Spolaor:2018bvk,
+	author = "Burke-Spolaor, Sarah and others",
+	title = "{The Astrophysics of Nanohertz Gravitational Waves}",
+	eprint = "1811.08826",
+	archivePrefix = "arXiv",
+	primaryClass = "astro-ph.HE",
+	doi = "10.1007/s00159-019-0115-7",
+	journal = "Astron. Astrophys. Rev.",
+	volume = "27",
+	number = "1",
+	pages = "5",
+	year = "2019"
+}
+
+@article{Mingarelli:2017fbe,
+	author = "Mingarelli, Chiara M.F. and Lazio, T. Joseph W. and Sesana, Alberto and Greene, Jenny E. and Ellis, Justin A. and Ma, Chung-Pei and Croft, Steve and Burke-Spolaor, Sarah and Taylor, Stephen R.",
+	title = "{The Local Nanohertz Gravitational-Wave Landscape From Supermassive Black Hole Binaries}",
+	eprint = "1708.03491",
+	archivePrefix = "arXiv",
+	primaryClass = "astro-ph.GA",
+	doi = "10.1038/s41550-017-0299-6",
+	journal = "Nat. Astron.",
+	volume = "1",
+	number = "12",
+	pages = "886--892",
+	year = "2017"
+}
+
+
+@article{Patton:2000ix,
+    author = "Patton, D.R. and Carlberg, R.G. and Marzke, R.O. and Pritchet, C.J. and Costa, L.N.da and Pellegrini, P.S.",
+    title = "{New techniques for relating dynamically close galaxy pairs to merger and accretion rates : application to the ssrs2 redshift survey}",
+    eprint = "astro-ph/0001364",
+    archivePrefix = "arXiv",
+    doi = "10.1086/308907",
+    journal = "Astrophys. J.",
+    volume = "536",
+    pages = "153--172",
+    year = "2000"
+}
+
+@article{Conselice:2003hy,
+    author = "Conselice, Christopher J. and Bershady, Matthew A. and Dickinson, Mark and Papovich, Casey",
+    title = "{A direct measurement of major galaxy mergers at z $<\sim$ 3}",
+    eprint = "astro-ph/0306106",
+    archivePrefix = "arXiv",
+    doi = "10.1086/377318",
+    journal = "Astron. J.",
+    volume = "126",
+    pages = "1183",
+    year = "2003"
+}
+
+
+@article{Ryu:2018yhv,
+    author = "Ryu, Taeho and Perna, Rosalba and Haiman, Zoltán and Ostriker, Jeremiah P. and Stone, Nicholas C.",
+    title = "{Interactions between multiple supermassive black holes in galactic nuclei: a solution to the final parsec problem}",
+    eprint = "1709.06501",
+    archivePrefix = "arXiv",
+    doi = "10.1093/mnras/stx2524",
+    journal = "Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc.",
+    volume = "473",
+    number = "3",
+    pages = "3410--3433",
+    year = "2018"
+}
+
+@article{	Lodato:2009qd,
+    author = "Lodato, G. and Nayakshin, S. and King, A.R. and Pringle, J.E.",
+    title = "{Black hole mergers: can gas discs solve the `final parsec' problem?}",
+    eprint = "0906.0737",
+    archivePrefix = "arXiv",
+    primaryClass = "astro-ph.CO",
+    doi = "10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15179.x",
+    journal = "Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc.",
+    volume = "398",
+    pages = "1392",
+    year = "2009"
+}
+
+@article{Cornish:2017oic,
+    author = "Cornish, Neil J. and O'Beirne, Logan and Taylor, Stephen R. and Yunes, Nicolás",
+    title = "{Constraining alternative theories of gravity using pulsar timing arrays}",
+    eprint = "1712.07132",
+    archivePrefix = "arXiv",
+    primaryClass = "gr-qc",
+    doi = "10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.181101",
+    journal = "Phys. Rev. Lett.",
+    volume = "120",
+    number = "18",
+    pages = "181101",
+    year = "2018"
+}
+
+@article{OBeirne:2019lwp,
+    author = "O'Beirne, Logan and Cornish, Neil J. and Vigeland, Sarah J. and Taylor, Stephen R.",
+    title = "{Constraining alternative polarization states of gravitational waves from individual black hole binaries using pulsar timing arrays}",
+    eprint = "1904.02744",
+    archivePrefix = "arXiv",
+    primaryClass = "gr-qc",
+    doi = "10.1103/PhysRevD.99.124039",
+    journal = "Phys. Rev. D",
+    volume = "99",
+    number = "12",
+    pages = "124039",
+    year = "2019"
+}
+
+@article{Peters:1963ux,
+    author = "Peters, P.C. and Mathews, J.",
+    title = "{Gravitational radiation from point masses in a Keplerian orbit}",
+    doi = "10.1103/PhysRev.131.435",
+    journal = "Phys. Rev.",
+    volume = "131",
+    pages = "435--439",
+    year = "1963"
+}
+
+@article{Sesana:2008mz,
+    author = "Sesana, Alberto and Vecchio, Alberto and Colacino, Carlo Nicola",
+    title = "{The stochastic gravitational-wave background from massive black hole binary systems: implications for observations with Pulsar Timing Arrays}",
+    eprint = "0804.4476",
+    archivePrefix = "arXiv",
+    primaryClass = "astro-ph",
+    doi = "10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13682.x",
+    journal = "Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc.",
+    volume = "390",
+    pages = "192",
+    year = "2008"
+}
+
+@article{Ravi:2014nua,
+    author = "Ravi, V. and Wyithe, J.S.B. and Shannon, R.M. and Hobbs, G.",
+    title = "{Prospects for gravitational-wave detection and supermassive black hole astrophysics with pulsar timing arrays}",
+    eprint = "1406.5297",
+    archivePrefix = "arXiv",
+    primaryClass = "astro-ph.CO",
+    doi = "10.1093/mnras/stu2659",
+    journal = "Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc.",
+    volume = "447",
+    pages = "2772",
+    year = "2015"
+}
+
+@software{chiara_mingarelli_2017_838712,
+  author       = {Chiara Mingarelli},
+  title        = {ChiaraMingarelli/nanohertz\_GWs: First release! v1.0},
+  month        = aug,
+  year         = 2017,
+  publisher    = {Zenodo},
+  version      = {v1.0},
+  doi          = {10.5281/zenodo.838712},
+  url          = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.838712}
+}
+
+
+@article{Kormendy:2013dxa,
+    author = "Kormendy, John and Ho, Luis C.",
+    title = "{Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies}",
+    eprint = "1304.7762",
+    archivePrefix = "arXiv",
+    primaryClass = "astro-ph.CO",
+    doi = "10.1146/annurev-astro-082708-101811",
+    journal = "Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys.",
+    volume = "51",
+    pages = "511--653",
+    year = "2013"
+}
+
+
+@article{McConnell:2012hz,
+    author = "McConnell, Nicholas J. and Ma, Chung-Pei",
+    title = "{Revisiting the Scaling Relations of Black Hole Masses and Host Galaxy Properties}",
+    eprint = "1211.2816",
+    archivePrefix = "arXiv",
+    primaryClass = "astro-ph.CO",
+    doi = "10.1088/0004-637X/764/2/184",
+    journal = "Astrophys. J.",
+    volume = "764",
+    pages = "184",
+    year = "2013"
+}
+
+@article{Magorrian:1997hw,
+    author = "Magorrian, John and others",
+    title = "{The Demography of massive dark objects in galaxy centers}",
+    eprint = "astro-ph/9708072",
+    archivePrefix = "arXiv",
+    reportNumber = "CITA-97-28",
+    doi = "10.1086/300353",
+    journal = "Astron. J.",
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+    pages = "2285",
+    year = "1998"
+}
+
+@article{Schechter:1976iz,
+    author = "Schechter, P.",
+    title = "{An analytic expression for the luminosity function for galaxies}",
+    doi = "10.1086/154079",
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+    year = "1976"
+}
+
+@article{Milosavljevic:2002ht,
+    author = "Milosavljevic, Milos and Merritt, David",
+    editor = "Centrella, J.M.",
+    title = "{The Final parsec problem}",
+    eprint = "astro-ph/0212270",
+    archivePrefix = "arXiv",
+    doi = "10.1063/1.1629432",
+    journal = "AIP Conf. Proc.",
+    volume = "686",
+    number = "1",
+    pages = "201--210",
+    year = "2003"
+}
+
+@article{Begelman:1980vb,
+    author = "Begelman, M.C. and Blandford, R.D. and Rees, M.J.",
+    title = "{Massive black hole binaries in active galactic nuclei}",
+    doi = "10.1038/287307a0",
+    journal = "Nature",
+    volume = "287",
+    pages = "307--309",
+    year = "1980"
+}
+
+@article{Quinlan:1996vp,
+    author = "Quinlan, Gerald D.",
+    title = "{The dynamical evolution of massive black hole binaries - I. hardening in a fixed stellar background}",
+    eprint = "astro-ph/9601092",
+    archivePrefix = "arXiv",
+    reportNumber = "RUTGERS-ASTROPHYSICS-PREPRINT-SERIES-NO-187",
+    doi = "10.1016/S1384-1076(96)00003-6",
+    journal = "New Astron.",
+    volume = "1",
+    pages = "35--56",
+    year = "1996"
+}
+
+@article{Keenan:2014sxa,
+    author = "Keenan, R.C. and Foucaud, S. and De Propris, R. and Hsieh, B.C. and Lin, L. and Chou, R.C.Y. and Huang, S. and Lin, J.H. and Chang, K.H.",
+    title = "{Evolution of the Major Merger Galaxy Pair Fraction at z < 1}",
+    eprint = "1408.3468",
+    archivePrefix = "arXiv",
+    primaryClass = "astro-ph.GA",
+    doi = "10.1088/0004-637X/795/2/157",
+    journal = "Astrophys. J.",
+    volume = "795",
+    pages = "157",
+    year = "2014"
+}
+
+@article{Robotham:2014uza,
+    author = "Robotham, A.S.G. and others",
+    title = "{Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): Galaxy close-pairs, mergers, and the future fate of stellar mass}",
+    eprint = "1408.1476",
+    archivePrefix = "arXiv",
+    primaryClass = "astro-ph.GA",
+    doi = "10.1093/mnras/stu1604",
+    journal = "Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc.",
+    volume = "444",
+    number = "4",
+    pages = "3986--4008",
+    year = "2014"
+}
+
+@article{Lotz:2011cn,
+    author = "Lotz, Jennifer M. and Jonsson, Patrik and Cox, T.J. and Croton, Darren and Primack, Joel R. and Somerville, Rachel S. and Stewart, Kyle",
+    title = "{The Major and Minor Galaxy Merger Rates at z < 1.5}",
+    eprint = "1108.2508",
+    archivePrefix = "arXiv",
+    primaryClass = "astro-ph.CO",
+    doi = "10.1088/0004-637X/742/2/103",
+    journal = "Astrophys. J.",
+    volume = "742",
+    pages = "103",
+    year = "2011"
+}
+
+@article{Kitzbichler:2008zj,
+    author = "Kitzbichler, Manfred G. and White, Simon D.M.",
+    title = "{A calibration of the relation between the abundance of close galaxy pairs and the rate of galaxy mergers}",
+    eprint = "0804.1965",
+    archivePrefix = "arXiv",
+    primaryClass = "astro-ph",
+    doi = "10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13873.x",
+    journal = "Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc.",
+    volume = "391",
+    pages = "1489",
+    year = "2008"
+}
+
+@article{Simon:2016ibt,
+    author = "Simon, Joseph and Burke-Spolaor, Sarah",
+    title = "{Constraints on Black Hole/Host Galaxy Co-evolution and Binary Stalling Using Pulsar Timing Arrays}",
+    eprint = "1603.06577",
+    archivePrefix = "arXiv",
+    primaryClass = "astro-ph.GA",
+    doi = "10.3847/0004-637X/826/1/11",
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\ No newline at end of file